Other historians and writers have stated that the Roman army's need for large quantities of "mass produced" equipment after the Marian Reforms and subsequent civil wars led to a decline in the quality of Roman equipment compared to the earlier Republican era: According to Edward Luttwak, Roman equipment was not of a better quality than that used by the majority of Rome's adversaries. This does not mean that every Roman soldier had better equipment than the richer men among his opponents. The equipment gave the Romans a very distinct advantage over their barbarian enemies, especially so in the case of armour. Its regular practice during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire led to military excellence and victory.
These standard patterns and uses were called the res militaris or disciplina. Roman military personal equipment was produced in small numbers to established patterns, and used in an established manner.
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